The decrease in the cost of trade due to Schengen varies from 0.42% to 1.59% depending on geography, trade partners, and other factors.
57 million crossings are due to transport of goods by road, with a value of €2.8 trillion each year.
Each year, there are 1.3 billion crossings of Schengen borders in total. About 1.7 million people commute to work across an internal European border each day, and in some regions these people constitute up to a third of the workforce.
The Schengen Area has a population of more than 423 million people and an area of 4,368,693 square kilometres (1,686,762 sq mi). Also, three European microstates- Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City-maintain open borders for passenger traffic with their neighbours, and are therefore considered de facto members of the Schengen Area due to the practical impossibility of travelling to or from them without transiting through at least one Schengen member country. The four European Free Trade Association (EFTA) member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland, are not members of the EU, but have signed agreements in association with the Schengen Agreement. Of the four EU members that are not part of the Schengen Area, three- Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania-are legally obligated to join the area in the future Ireland maintains an opt-out, and instead operates its own visa policy. Of the 27 EU member states, 23 participate in the Schengen Area. The area is named after the 1985 Schengen Agreement and the 1990 Schengen Convention, both signed in Schengen, Luxembourg. Being an element within the wider area of freedom, security and justice policy of the European Union (EU), it mostly functions as a single jurisdiction under a common visa policy for international travel purposes.
The Schengen Area ( English: / ˈ ʃ ɛ ŋ ən/ SHENG-ən, Luxembourgish: ( listen)) is an area comprising 27 European countries that have officially abolished all passport and all other types of border control at their mutual borders.
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